PPM = defective units / # of samples * 1 million (If each defect causes one defective unit, then DPM will always equal PPM.) For information on choosing whether you can have more than one defect on each defective part, see Set NCU to number of defects. This method is only applicable if you can have more than one defect per defective unit. Instead of calculating defects per million, you may also calculate parts (defective units) per million (PPM). This formula can be extended to include defects per thousand opportunities (DPKO) and defects per billion opportunities (DPBO). This number is used to calculate the number of defects per million opportunities. Users who want to factor in the complexity of the process can do so by recording the number of opportunities per sample with the part standard. This formula can be extended to include defects per thousand (DPK) and defects per billion (DPB). The most common derivation is defects per million or DPM. Statistics for DPU and Pareto charts are derived from the basic defect per unit calculation: Calculating DPU, DPMO, PPM and related values Calculating DPU, DPMO, PPM and Related Values
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